NTPsec

ntpviz.gant-dodd.uk

Report generated: Sat Apr 4 03:12:01 2026 UTC
Start Time: Fri Apr 3 03:12:01 2026 UTC
End Time: Sat Apr 4 03:12:01 2026 UTC
Report Period: 1.0 days

Server Hardware:

Access policy: Use of this server is by invitation only with one exception: while the server is a member of the NTP Pool use may be made of this server for time synchronisation through the NTP Pool subject to their Terms of Service for End-Users. Go to www.pool.ntp.org/en/use.html for more information.

Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets

local offset plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Time Offset -680.511 -680.511 -513.609 -105.477 613.633 644.387 644.387 1,127.242 1,324.898 362.030 -54.350 µs 0.2654 1.925
Local Clock Frequency Offset -14.628 -14.628 -14.609 -14.432 -14.159 -14.156 -14.156 0.449 0.472 0.149 -14.405 ppm 0.2668 1.746

The time and frequency offsets between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the time offset (blue, in μs, scale on left). Quick changes in time offset will lead to larger frequency offsets.

These are fields 3 (time) and 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Time Jitter

local jitter plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Time Jitter 81.109 81.109 90.496 105.953 127.376 134.433 134.433 36.880 53.324 12.216 107.753 µs 0.1662 2.468

The RMS Jitter of the local clock offset. In other words, how fast the local clock offset is changing.

Lower is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0μs.

RMS jitter is field 5 in the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Frequency Jitter

local stability plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 13.241 13.241 16.059 24.333 40.387 44.168 44.168 24.328 30.927 7.853 26.024 ppb 0.5543 2.361

The RMS Frequency Jitter (aka wander) of the local clock's frequency. In other words, how fast the local clock changes frequency.

Lower is better. An ideal clock would be a horizontal line at 0ppm.

RMS Frequency Jitter is field 6 in the loopstats log file.



Local Clock Time Offset Histogram

local offset histogram plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Offset -680.511 -680.511 -513.609 -105.477 613.633 644.387 644.387 1,127.242 1,324.898 362.030 -54.350 µs 0.2654 1.925

The clock offsets of the local clock as a histogram.

The Local Clock Offset is field 3 from the loopstats log file.



Local Temperatures

local temps plot

Local temperatures. These will be site-specific depending upon what temperature sensors you collect data from. Temperature changes affect the local clock crystal frequency and stability. The math of how temperature changes frequency is complex, and also depends on crystal aging. So there is no easy way to correct for it in software. This is the single most important component of frequency drift.

The Local Temperatures are from field 3 from the tempstats log file.



Local Frequency/Temp

local freq temps plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset -14.628 -14.628 -14.609 -14.432 -14.159 -14.156 -14.156 0.449 0.472 0.149 -14.405 ppm 0.2668 1.746
Temp CASE0 15.500 15.500 15.500 16.500 19.500 19.500 19.500 4.000 4.000 1.338 16.937 °C
Temp ZONE0 42.842 43.816 43.816 45.764 49.173 51.608 55.017 5.357 7.792 1.701 46.112 °C

The frequency offsets and temperatures. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the temperatures.

These are field 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file, and field 3 from the tempstats log file.



Server Offsets

peer offsets plot

The offset of all refclocks and servers. This can be useful to see if offset changes are happening in a single clock or all clocks together.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 193.67.79.202

peer offset 193.67.79.202 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 193.67.79.202 -1.639 -1.639 -1.524 -0.928 -0.227 -0.144 -0.144 1.297 1.495 0.382 -0.935 ms 0.237 2.32

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2001:638:a000:1123:123::4 (ntp3.rrze.ipv6.uni-erlangen.de)

peer offset 2001:638:a000:1123:123::4 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2001:638:a000:1123:123::4 (ntp3.rrze.ipv6.uni-erlangen.de) -10.974 -10.974 -9.684 -0.724 0.072 0.097 0.097 9.756 11.071 2.186 -1.087 ms -3.898 16.87

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2001:8a8:4008::109 (dns.3eck.net)

peer offset 2001:8a8:4008::109 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2001:8a8:4008::109 (dns.3eck.net) -13.580 -13.580 -2.323 0.109 1.379 1.446 1.446 3.702 15.026 2.357 -0.434 ms -4.327 24.3

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2001:8b0:0:23::205 (ntp2.aa.net.uk)

peer offset 2001:8b0:0:23::205 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2001:8b0:0:23::205 (ntp2.aa.net.uk) -1.869 -1.869 -1.807 -1.035 0.099 0.158 0.158 1.906 2.027 0.554 -0.928 ms 0.4368 2.322

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2001:8b0:6461:1a:7067:7473:6d69:3165 (ntp-gps.gant-dodd.uk)

peer offset 2001:8b0:6461:1a:7067:7473:6d69:3165 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2001:8b0:6461:1a:7067:7473:6d69:3165 (ntp-gps.gant-dodd.uk) -678.094 -678.094 -628.283 -3.991 674.738 689.122 689.122 1,303.021 1,367.216 378.661 -20.994 µs 0.1627 1.913

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2001:8b0:6461:1a:746e:2d70:6167:316c (ntp-gal.gant-dodd.uk)

peer offset 2001:8b0:6461:1a:746e:2d70:6167:316c plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2001:8b0:6461:1a:746e:2d70:6167:316c (ntp-gal.gant-dodd.uk) -689.377 -689.377 -524.917 -67.665 621.186 708.622 708.622 1,146.103 1,397.999 362.262 -28.699 µs 0.2296 2.046

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:10 (ntp1.time.nl)

peer offset 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:10 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:10 (ntp1.time.nl) -15.404 -15.404 -7.615 -0.479 0.302 0.326 0.326 7.918 15.731 2.852 -1.199 ms -3.721 16.97

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitters

peer jitters plot

The RMS Jitter of all refclocks and servers. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 193.67.79.202

peer jitter 193.67.79.202 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 193.67.79.202 163.239 163.239 167.883 294.886 543.065 582.523 582.523 375.182 419.284 115.417 315.055 µs 0.6295 2.494

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2001:638:a000:1123:123::4 (ntp3.rrze.ipv6.uni-erlangen.de)

peer jitter 2001:638:a000:1123:123::4 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2001:638:a000:1123:123::4 (ntp3.rrze.ipv6.uni-erlangen.de) 0.169 0.169 0.180 0.383 8.044 10.395 10.395 7.864 10.225 2.295 1.508 ms 2.214 7.772

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2001:8a8:4008::109 (dns.3eck.net)

peer jitter 2001:8a8:4008::109 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2001:8a8:4008::109 (dns.3eck.net) 0.644 0.644 0.832 1.569 5.286 14.224 14.224 4.454 13.580 2.416 2.388 ms 3.107 14.74

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2001:8b0:0:23::205 (ntp2.aa.net.uk)

peer jitter 2001:8b0:0:23::205 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2001:8b0:0:23::205 (ntp2.aa.net.uk) 0.073 0.073 0.091 0.279 6.838 9.291 9.291 6.748 9.217 2.090 1.359 ms 2.427 8.811

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2001:8b0:6461:1a:7067:7473:6d69:3165 (ntp-gps.gant-dodd.uk)

peer jitter 2001:8b0:6461:1a:7067:7473:6d69:3165 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2001:8b0:6461:1a:7067:7473:6d69:3165 (ntp-gps.gant-dodd.uk) 24.850 24.850 29.065 152.695 320.699 343.651 343.651 291.634 318.801 85.278 166.313 µs 0.3804 2.097

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2001:8b0:6461:1a:746e:2d70:6167:316c (ntp-gal.gant-dodd.uk)

peer jitter 2001:8b0:6461:1a:746e:2d70:6167:316c plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2001:8b0:6461:1a:746e:2d70:6167:316c (ntp-gal.gant-dodd.uk) 28.162 28.162 39.158 158.597 312.813 324.279 324.279 273.655 296.117 91.892 172.530 µs 0.1255 1.709

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:10 (ntp1.time.nl)

peer jitter 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:10 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:10 (ntp1.time.nl) 0.141 0.141 0.186 1.257 7.338 14.960 14.960 7.152 14.819 3.011 2.518 ms 1.974 7.934

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Summary


Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset -14.628 -14.628 -14.609 -14.432 -14.159 -14.156 -14.156 0.449 0.472 0.149 -14.405 ppm 0.2668 1.746
Local Clock Time Offset -680.511 -680.511 -513.609 -105.477 613.633 644.387 644.387 1,127.242 1,324.898 362.030 -54.350 µs 0.2654 1.925
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 13.241 13.241 16.059 24.333 40.387 44.168 44.168 24.328 30.927 7.853 26.024 ppb 0.5543 2.361
Local RMS Time Jitter 81.109 81.109 90.496 105.953 127.376 134.433 134.433 36.880 53.324 12.216 107.753 µs 0.1662 2.468
Server Jitter 193.67.79.202 163.239 163.239 167.883 294.886 543.065 582.523 582.523 375.182 419.284 115.417 315.055 µs 0.6295 2.494
Server Jitter 2001:638:a000:1123:123::4 (ntp3.rrze.ipv6.uni-erlangen.de) 0.169 0.169 0.180 0.383 8.044 10.395 10.395 7.864 10.225 2.295 1.508 ms 2.214 7.772
Server Jitter 2001:8a8:4008::109 (dns.3eck.net) 0.644 0.644 0.832 1.569 5.286 14.224 14.224 4.454 13.580 2.416 2.388 ms 3.107 14.74
Server Jitter 2001:8b0:0:23::205 (ntp2.aa.net.uk) 0.073 0.073 0.091 0.279 6.838 9.291 9.291 6.748 9.217 2.090 1.359 ms 2.427 8.811
Server Jitter 2001:8b0:6461:1a:7067:7473:6d69:3165 (ntp-gps.gant-dodd.uk) 24.850 24.850 29.065 152.695 320.699 343.651 343.651 291.634 318.801 85.278 166.313 µs 0.3804 2.097
Server Jitter 2001:8b0:6461:1a:746e:2d70:6167:316c (ntp-gal.gant-dodd.uk) 28.162 28.162 39.158 158.597 312.813 324.279 324.279 273.655 296.117 91.892 172.530 µs 0.1255 1.709
Server Jitter 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:10 (ntp1.time.nl) 0.141 0.141 0.186 1.257 7.338 14.960 14.960 7.152 14.819 3.011 2.518 ms 1.974 7.934
Server Offset 193.67.79.202 -1.639 -1.639 -1.524 -0.928 -0.227 -0.144 -0.144 1.297 1.495 0.382 -0.935 ms 0.237 2.32
Server Offset 2001:638:a000:1123:123::4 (ntp3.rrze.ipv6.uni-erlangen.de) -10.974 -10.974 -9.684 -0.724 0.072 0.097 0.097 9.756 11.071 2.186 -1.087 ms -3.898 16.87
Server Offset 2001:8a8:4008::109 (dns.3eck.net) -13.580 -13.580 -2.323 0.109 1.379 1.446 1.446 3.702 15.026 2.357 -0.434 ms -4.327 24.3
Server Offset 2001:8b0:0:23::205 (ntp2.aa.net.uk) -1.869 -1.869 -1.807 -1.035 0.099 0.158 0.158 1.906 2.027 0.554 -0.928 ms 0.4368 2.322
Server Offset 2001:8b0:6461:1a:7067:7473:6d69:3165 (ntp-gps.gant-dodd.uk) -678.094 -678.094 -628.283 -3.991 674.738 689.122 689.122 1,303.021 1,367.216 378.661 -20.994 µs 0.1627 1.913
Server Offset 2001:8b0:6461:1a:746e:2d70:6167:316c (ntp-gal.gant-dodd.uk) -689.377 -689.377 -524.917 -67.665 621.186 708.622 708.622 1,146.103 1,397.999 362.262 -28.699 µs 0.2296 2.046
Server Offset 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:10 (ntp1.time.nl) -15.404 -15.404 -7.615 -0.479 0.302 0.326 0.326 7.918 15.731 2.852 -1.199 ms -3.721 16.97
Temp CASE0 15.500 15.500 15.500 16.500 19.500 19.500 19.500 4.000 4.000 1.338 16.937 °C
Temp ZONE0 42.842 43.816 43.816 45.764 49.173 51.608 55.017 5.357 7.792 1.701 46.112 °C
Summary as CSV file

Glossary:

frequency offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated frequency and the local system clock frequency (usually in parts per million, ppm)
jitter, dispersion:
The short term change in a value. NTP measures Local Time Jitter, Refclock Jitter, and Server Jitter in seconds. Local Frequency Jitter is in ppm or ppb.
ms, millisecond:
One thousandth of a second = 0.001 seconds, 1e-3 seconds
mu, mean:
The arithmetic mean: the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. The formula for mu is: "mu = (∑xi) / N". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
ns, nanosecond:
One billionth of a second, also one thousandth of a microsecond, 0.000000001 seconds and 1e-9 seconds.
percentile:
The value below which a given percentage of values fall.
ppb, parts per billion:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppb, one in one billion, 1/1,000,000,000, 0.000,000,001, 1e-9 and 0.000,000,1%
ppm, parts per million:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppm, one in one million, 1/1,000,000, 0.000,001, and 0.000,1%
‰, parts per thousand:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ‰. one in one thousand, 1/1,000, 0.001, and 0.1%
refclock:
Reference clock, a local GPS module or other local source of time.
remote clock:
Any clock reached over the network, LAN or WAN. Also called a peer or server.
time offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock's time. Also called phase offset.
σ, sigma:
Sigma denotes the standard deviation (SD) and is centered on the arithmetic mean of the data set. The SD is simply the square root of the variance of the data set. Two sigma is simply twice the standard deviation. Three sigma is three times sigma. Smaller is better.
The formula for sigma is: "σ = √[ ∑(xi-mu)^2 / N ]". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
Skewness, Skew:
The skewness of a random variable X is the third standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the FIsher-Pearson moment of skewness. There are other different ways to calculate Skewness Wikipedia describes Skewness best: "The qualitative interpretation of the skew is complicated and unintuitive."
A normal distribution has a skewness of zero.
Kurtosis, Kurt:
The kurtosis of a random variable X is the fourth standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses standard Kurtosis. There are other different ways to calculate Kurtosis.
A normal distribution has a Kurtosis of three. NIST describes a kurtosis over three as "heavy tailed" and one under three as "light tailed".
upstream clock:
Any server or reference clock used as a source of time.
µs, us, microsecond:
One millionth of a second, also one thousandth of a millisecond, 0.000,001 seconds, and 1e-6 seconds.



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