NTPsec

ntpviz.gant-dodd.uk

Report generated: Tue Dec 9 05:18:02 2025 UTC
Start Time: Tue Nov 11 05:18:01 2025 UTC
End Time: Tue Dec 9 05:18:01 2025 UTC
Report Period: 28.0 days

Server Hardware:

Access policy: Use of this server is by invitation only with one exception: while the server is a member of the NTP Pool use may be made of this server for time synchronisation through the NTP Pool subject to their Terms of Service for End-Users. Go to www.pool.ntp.org/en/use.html for more information.

Local Clock Time/Frequency Offsets

local offset plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Time Offset -4,567.880 -587.494 -384.293 -18.976 459.007 722.183 1,684.469 843.300 1,309.677 297.989 -1.126 µs -6.24 56.01
Local Clock Frequency Offset -15.997 -15.954 -15.740 -15.134 -14.613 -14.506 -14.475 1.126 1.448 0.335 -15.130 ppm -9.823e+04 4.537e+06

The time and frequency offsets between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the time offset (blue, in μs, scale on left). Quick changes in time offset will lead to larger frequency offsets.

These are fields 3 (time) and 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Time Jitter

local jitter plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Time Jitter 29.544 47.174 56.109 113.730 446.400 914.649 1,755.055 390.291 867.475 169.785 170.149 µs 4.178 28.17

The RMS Jitter of the local clock offset. In other words, how fast the local clock offset is changing.

Lower is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0μs.

RMS jitter is field 5 in the loopstats log file.



Local RMS Frequency Jitter

local stability plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.566 4.908 7.625 18.218 35.150 46.628 65.034 27.525 41.720 8.704 19.500 ppb 6.632 21.47

The RMS Frequency Jitter (aka wander) of the local clock's frequency. In other words, how fast the local clock changes frequency.

Lower is better. An ideal clock would be a horizontal line at 0ppm.

RMS Frequency Jitter is field 6 in the loopstats log file.



Local Clock Time Offset Histogram

local offset histogram plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Offset -4,567.880 -587.494 -384.293 -18.976 459.007 722.183 1,684.469 843.300 1,309.677 297.989 -1.126 µs -6.24 56.01

The clock offsets of the local clock as a histogram.

The Local Clock Offset is field 3 from the loopstats log file.



Local Temperatures

local temps plot

Local temperatures. These will be site-specific depending upon what temperature sensors you collect data from. Temperature changes affect the local clock crystal frequency and stability. The math of how temperature changes frequency is complex, and also depends on crystal aging. So there is no easy way to correct for it in software. This is the single most important component of frequency drift.

The Local Temperatures are from field 3 from the tempstats log file.



Local Frequency/Temp

local freq temps plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset -15.997 -15.954 -15.740 -15.134 -14.613 -14.506 -14.475 1.126 1.448 0.335 -15.130 ppm -9.823e+04 4.537e+06
Temp CASE0 8.500 9.000 10.000 13.000 17.000 18.000 18.000 7.000 9.000 2.090 13.136 °C
Temp ZONE0 36.024 37.485 38.946 42.355 46.738 47.712 55.017 7.792 10.227 2.317 42.365 °C

The frequency offsets and temperatures. Showing frequency offset (red, in parts per million, scale on right) and the temperatures.

These are field 4 (frequency) from the loopstats log file, and field 3 from the tempstats log file.



Server Offsets

peer offsets plot

The offset of all refclocks and servers. This can be useful to see if offset changes are happening in a single clock or all clocks together.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 193.67.79.202

peer offset 193.67.79.202 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 193.67.79.202 -16.337 -9.951 -1.251 -0.734 -0.161 0.136 0.369 1.090 10.088 1.614 -0.963 ms -15.28 110.9

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2001:8b0:0:23::205 (ntp2.aa.net.uk)

peer offset 2001:8b0:0:23::205 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2001:8b0:0:23::205 (ntp2.aa.net.uk) -14.615 -1.696 -0.832 -0.218 0.614 0.978 1.780 1.446 2.674 0.778 -0.229 ms -15.51 215.9

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2001:8b0:6461:1a:7067:7473:6d69:3165 (ntp-gps.gant-dodd.uk)

peer offset 2001:8b0:6461:1a:7067:7473:6d69:3165 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2001:8b0:6461:1a:7067:7473:6d69:3165 (ntp-gps.gant-dodd.uk) -218.255 -205.404 -169.995 14.112 299.678 351.192 383.902 469.673 556.596 127.852 45.227 µs -1.78 4.383

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2001:8b0:6461:1a:746e:2d70:6167:316c (ntp-gal.gant-dodd.uk)

peer offset 2001:8b0:6461:1a:746e:2d70:6167:316c plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2001:8b0:6461:1a:746e:2d70:6167:316c (ntp-gal.gant-dodd.uk) -544.030 -448.592 -312.191 13.414 503.344 802.411 1,186.945 815.535 1,251.003 257.352 54.598 µs -2.104 5.858

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer offset 2606:4700:f1::1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com) -10.539 -8.850 -1.873 -0.586 0.097 0.249 0.304 1.970 9.099 1.476 -0.872 ms -13.69 81.21

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer offset 2606:4700:f1::123 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) -10.391 -7.616 -1.292 -0.655 -0.009 0.168 0.232 1.283 7.785 1.382 -0.853 ms -14.24 87.18

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:10 (ntp1.time.nl)

peer offset 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:10 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:10 (ntp1.time.nl) -11.516 -7.035 -0.813 -0.144 2.994 9.577 15.381 3.807 16.612 2.080 0.080 ms -1.957 19.92

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Offset 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:15 (ntppool1.time.nl)

peer offset 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:15 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Offset 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:15 (ntppool1.time.nl) -28.764 -7.451 -0.833 -0.188 4.475 9.670 29.951 5.308 17.121 2.649 0.102 ms -3.397 45.62

The offset of a server in seconds. This is useful to see how the measured offset is behaving.

The chart also plots offset±rtt, where rtt is the round trip time to the server. NTP can not really know the offset of a remote chimer, NTP computes it by subtracting rtt/2 from the offset. Plotting the offset±rtt reverses this calculation to more easily see the effects of rtt changes.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s. Typical 90% ranges may be: local LAN server 80µs; 90% ranges for WAN server may be 4ms and much larger.

Clock Offset is field 5 in the peerstats log file. The Round Trip Time (rtt) is field 6 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitters

peer jitters plot

The RMS Jitter of all refclocks and servers. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 193.67.79.202

peer jitter 193.67.79.202 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 193.67.79.202 0.000 0.068 0.096 0.293 8.242 14.005 16.230 8.146 13.937 3.010 1.688 ms 0.9773 5.345

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2001:8b0:0:23::205 (ntp2.aa.net.uk)

peer jitter 2001:8b0:0:23::205 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2001:8b0:0:23::205 (ntp2.aa.net.uk) 0.000 0.098 0.126 0.350 10.127 14.235 24.699 10.001 14.138 3.263 1.751 ms 1.52 8.514

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2001:8b0:6461:1a:7067:7473:6d69:3165 (ntp-gps.gant-dodd.uk)

peer jitter 2001:8b0:6461:1a:7067:7473:6d69:3165 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2001:8b0:6461:1a:7067:7473:6d69:3165 (ntp-gps.gant-dodd.uk) 10.248 11.272 17.728 78.474 168.495 237.252 251.579 150.767 225.980 53.371 84.491 µs 2.567 6.392

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2001:8b0:6461:1a:746e:2d70:6167:316c (ntp-gal.gant-dodd.uk)

peer jitter 2001:8b0:6461:1a:746e:2d70:6167:316c plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2001:8b0:6461:1a:746e:2d70:6167:316c (ntp-gal.gant-dodd.uk) 0.000 16.764 26.762 99.421 279.727 479.800 687.599 252.965 463.036 88.151 121.456 µs 3.139 12.64

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer jitter 2606:4700:f1::1 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com) 0.038 0.115 0.160 0.396 5.367 8.521 10.113 5.208 8.406 1.870 1.184 ms 1.401 6.497

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com)

peer jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) 0.000 0.060 0.102 0.377 4.503 7.016 9.674 4.401 6.956 1.679 1.003 ms 1.537 7.874

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:10 (ntp1.time.nl)

peer jitter 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:10 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:10 (ntp1.time.nl) 0.000 0.135 0.215 1.503 10.382 15.353 19.895 10.166 15.218 3.339 2.732 ms 1.621 6.661

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Server Jitter 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:15 (ntppool1.time.nl)

peer jitter 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:15 plot

Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Server Jitter 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:15 (ntppool1.time.nl) 0.000 0.142 0.205 2.203 13.773 17.375 32.223 13.568 17.234 4.269 3.634 ms 1.414 6.097

The RMS Jitter of a server. Jitter is the current estimated dispersion, in other words the variation in offset between samples.

Closer to 0s is better. An ideal system would be a horizontal line at 0s.

RMS Jitter is field 8 in the peerstats log file.



Summary


Percentiles...... Ranges...... Skew- Kurt-
Name Min1%5%50%95% 99%Max   90%98%StdDev  MeanUnits nessosis
Local Clock Frequency Offset -15.997 -15.954 -15.740 -15.134 -14.613 -14.506 -14.475 1.126 1.448 0.335 -15.130 ppm -9.823e+04 4.537e+06
Local Clock Time Offset -4,567.880 -587.494 -384.293 -18.976 459.007 722.183 1,684.469 843.300 1,309.677 297.989 -1.126 µs -6.24 56.01
Local RMS Frequency Jitter 0.566 4.908 7.625 18.218 35.150 46.628 65.034 27.525 41.720 8.704 19.500 ppb 6.632 21.47
Local RMS Time Jitter 29.544 47.174 56.109 113.730 446.400 914.649 1,755.055 390.291 867.475 169.785 170.149 µs 4.178 28.17
Server Jitter 193.67.79.202 0.000 0.068 0.096 0.293 8.242 14.005 16.230 8.146 13.937 3.010 1.688 ms 0.9773 5.345
Server Jitter 2001:8b0:0:23::205 (ntp2.aa.net.uk) 0.000 0.098 0.126 0.350 10.127 14.235 24.699 10.001 14.138 3.263 1.751 ms 1.52 8.514
Server Jitter 2001:8b0:6461:1a:7067:7473:6d69:3165 (ntp-gps.gant-dodd.uk) 10.248 11.272 17.728 78.474 168.495 237.252 251.579 150.767 225.980 53.371 84.491 µs 2.567 6.392
Server Jitter 2001:8b0:6461:1a:746e:2d70:6167:316c (ntp-gal.gant-dodd.uk) 0.000 16.764 26.762 99.421 279.727 479.800 687.599 252.965 463.036 88.151 121.456 µs 3.139 12.64
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com) 0.038 0.115 0.160 0.396 5.367 8.521 10.113 5.208 8.406 1.870 1.184 ms 1.401 6.497
Server Jitter 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) 0.000 0.060 0.102 0.377 4.503 7.016 9.674 4.401 6.956 1.679 1.003 ms 1.537 7.874
Server Jitter 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:10 (ntp1.time.nl) 0.000 0.135 0.215 1.503 10.382 15.353 19.895 10.166 15.218 3.339 2.732 ms 1.621 6.661
Server Jitter 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:15 (ntppool1.time.nl) 0.000 0.142 0.205 2.203 13.773 17.375 32.223 13.568 17.234 4.269 3.634 ms 1.414 6.097
Server Offset 193.67.79.202 -16.337 -9.951 -1.251 -0.734 -0.161 0.136 0.369 1.090 10.088 1.614 -0.963 ms -15.28 110.9
Server Offset 2001:8b0:0:23::205 (ntp2.aa.net.uk) -14.615 -1.696 -0.832 -0.218 0.614 0.978 1.780 1.446 2.674 0.778 -0.229 ms -15.51 215.9
Server Offset 2001:8b0:6461:1a:7067:7473:6d69:3165 (ntp-gps.gant-dodd.uk) -218.255 -205.404 -169.995 14.112 299.678 351.192 383.902 469.673 556.596 127.852 45.227 µs -1.78 4.383
Server Offset 2001:8b0:6461:1a:746e:2d70:6167:316c (ntp-gal.gant-dodd.uk) -544.030 -448.592 -312.191 13.414 503.344 802.411 1,186.945 815.535 1,251.003 257.352 54.598 µs -2.104 5.858
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::1 (time.cloudflare.com) -10.539 -8.850 -1.873 -0.586 0.097 0.249 0.304 1.970 9.099 1.476 -0.872 ms -13.69 81.21
Server Offset 2606:4700:f1::123 (time.cloudflare.com) -10.391 -7.616 -1.292 -0.655 -0.009 0.168 0.232 1.283 7.785 1.382 -0.853 ms -14.24 87.18
Server Offset 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:10 (ntp1.time.nl) -11.516 -7.035 -0.813 -0.144 2.994 9.577 15.381 3.807 16.612 2.080 0.080 ms -1.957 19.92
Server Offset 2a00:d78:0:712:94:198:159:15 (ntppool1.time.nl) -28.764 -7.451 -0.833 -0.188 4.475 9.670 29.951 5.308 17.121 2.649 0.102 ms -3.397 45.62
Temp CASE0 8.500 9.000 10.000 13.000 17.000 18.000 18.000 7.000 9.000 2.090 13.136 °C
Temp ZONE0 36.024 37.485 38.946 42.355 46.738 47.712 55.017 7.792 10.227 2.317 42.365 °C
Summary as CSV file

Glossary:

frequency offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated frequency and the local system clock frequency (usually in parts per million, ppm)
jitter, dispersion:
The short term change in a value. NTP measures Local Time Jitter, Refclock Jitter, and Server Jitter in seconds. Local Frequency Jitter is in ppm or ppb.
kurtosis, Kurt:
The kurtosis of a random variable X is the fourth standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the Pearson's moment coefficient of kurtosis. A normal distribution has a kurtosis of three. NIST describes a kurtosis over three as "heavy tailed" and one under three as "light tailed".
ms, millisecond:
One thousandth of a second = 0.001 seconds, 1e-3 seconds
mu, mean:
The arithmetic mean: the sum of all the values divided by the number of values. The formula for mu is: "mu = (∑xi) / N". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
ns, nanosecond:
One billionth of a second, also one thousandth of a microsecond, 0.000000001 seconds and 1e-9 seconds.
percentile:
The value below which a given percentage of values fall.
ppb, parts per billion:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppb, one in one billion, 1/1,000,000,000, 0.000,000,001, 1e-9 and 0.000,000,1%
ppm, parts per million:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ppm, one in one million, 1/1,000,000, 0.000,001, and 0.000,1%
‰, parts per thousand:
Ratio between two values. These following are all the same: 1 ‰. one in one thousand, 1/1,000, 0.001, and 0.1%
refclock:
Reference clock, a local GPS module or other local source of time.
remote clock:
Any clock reached over the network, LAN or WAN. Also called a peer or server.
time offset:
The difference between the ntpd calculated time and the local system clock's time. Also called phase offset.
σ, sigma:
Sigma denotes the standard deviation (SD) and is centered on the arithmetic mean of the data set. The SD is simply the square root of the variance of the data set. Two sigma is simply twice the standard deviation. Three sigma is three times sigma. Smaller is better.
The formula for sigma is: "σ = √[ ∑(xi-mu)^2 / N ]". Where xi denotes the data points and N is the number of data points.
skewness, Skew:
The skewness of a random variable X is the third standardized moment and is a dimension-less ratio. ntpviz uses the Pearson's moment coefficient of skewness. Wikipedia describes it best: "The qualitative interpretation of the skew is complicated and unintuitive."
A normal distribution has a skewness of zero.
upstream clock:
Any server or reference clock used as a source of time.
µs, us, microsecond:
One millionth of a second, also one thousandth of a millisecond, 0.000,001 seconds, and 1e-6 seconds.



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